Metallic chromium has no pharmacologic activity, but other valence states have activity. Chromium VI (hexavalent form) is used in the welding and chemical industries and is considered a carcinogen. Chromium III (trivalent) is the form used in supplements and found naturally in foods. Chromium is thought to play a role in insulin function. It is an active component of so-called glucose tolerance factor (GTF). GTF is a complex of molecules that includes glycine, glutamic acid, cystiene and nicotinic acid. Chromium’s exact role in carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism is not clear. It does not lower blood glucose levels in normal patients. In humans, chromium deficiency can cause impaired tolerance to glucose and insulin function, increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, neuropathy, weight loss, impaired nitrogen metabolism, and decreased respiratory function.
In veterinary medicine, cimetidine has been used for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of gastric, abomasal and duodenal ulcers, uremic gastritis, stress-related or drug-induced erosive gastritis, esophagitis, duodenal gastric reflux, and esophageal reflux. It has also been employed to treat hypersecretory conditions associated with gastrinomas and systemic mastocytosis. Cimetidine has also been used investigationally as a immunomodulating agent (see doses) in dogs. Cimetidine has been used for the treatment of melanomas in horses, but the drug’s poor bioavailability and subsequent high doses (48 mg/kg/day) in adult horses makes it a very expensive, unproven treatment.
劑量數字暫停提供：VetPro 的劑量改依 DRUGAPI 藥物資料庫對外的內容，DRUGAPI 目前不提供可直接計算的劑量。下方列出 DRUGAPI 的審查結論與劑量審查引用的來源；計算機可手動輸入劑量換算。
DRUGAPI 劑量審查引用的獸醫官方標示（各標示只適用於其產品、物種與法域，不可互換）
依出現頻率分組；嚴重副作用獨立列出，臨床上需立即辨識。
11 hours