Isoproterenol is a synthetic beta1- and beta2-adrenergic agonist that has no appreciable alpha activity at therapeutic doses. It is thought that isoproterenol’s adrenergic activity is a result of stimulating cyclic-AMP production. Its primary actions are increased inotropism and chronotropism, relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, and peripheral vasodilatation. Isoproterenol may increase perfu isoproterenol hcl 499 sion to skeletal muscle (at the expense of vital organs in shock). Isoproterenol will inhibit the antigen-mediated release of histamine and slow releasing substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). Hemodynamic effects noted include decreased total peripheral resistance, increased cardiac output, increased venous return to the heart, and increased rate of discharge by cardiac pacemakers.
Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) and dinitrate (ISDN) are organic nitrates potentially useful as preload reducing agents in treating heart failure in small animals, however, research and clinical experience demonstrating clinical efficacy are lacking in dogs or cats. Limited research indicates that dogs may require much higher dosages of isosorbide dinitrate to achieve therapeutic effects than do humans. In humans, isosorbide nitrates are used for treating or preventing angina, treating esophageal spasm, and as an adjunctive treatment in CHF.
劑量數字暫停提供：VetPro 的劑量改依 DRUGAPI 藥物資料庫對外的內容，DRUGAPI 目前不提供可直接計算的劑量。下方列出 DRUGAPI 的審查結論與劑量審查引用的來源；計算機可手動輸入劑量換算。
整合前必須人工確認確切活性成分、鹽型、立體化學、產品與賦形劑、物種、心血管或呼吸狀態、使用途徑、劑量、持續時間、監測、節律器策略，以及逐對雙向交互作用契約。
依出現頻率分組；嚴重副作用獨立列出，臨床上需立即辨識。