最後更新：2026年10月1日
陰囊尿道造口術為犬反覆尿道阻塞或陰莖段尿道嚴重損傷時的手術。在已去勢犬的陰囊位置建立永久尿道開口。陰囊處尿道較寬，減少再阻塞風險。
貓亦有適應症但頻率較犬低。
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is staged using IRIS guidelines (Stages 1-4) based on creatinine/SDMA and sub-staged by proteinuria (UPC) and blood pressure. Early detection via SDMA allows intervention before creatinine rises. Protein-losing nephropathy is overrepresented in Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers and Bernese Mountain Dogs.
可點的項目會開啟該疾病頁。要依症狀與檢驗排出完整清單，請用鑑別診斷工具。
建議：0.9% NaCl 或 LRS，矯正脫水後以 2× 維持量支持 post-obstructive diuresis
類型：0.9% NaCl
監測頻率：每日觀察
[1]Consensus Recommendations for Standard Therapy of Glomerular Disease in Dogs
[2]IRIS Treatment Recommendations for CKD Stages 1-4
需系統性診斷與治療計畫，延遲可能影響預後 (systematic workup needed, delay may affect prognosis)
手術預後良好。術後排尿通暢。需監測造口狹窄與泌尿道感染。
Diagnostic Approach for Scrotal Urethrostomy
Assess for dysuria, hematuria, pollakiuria, stranguria; palpate bladder and kidneys
Complete urinalysis via cystocentesis; urine culture and sensitivity for bacterial infection
Abdominal radiographs and ultrasound to evaluate urinary tract for calculi, masses, or structural changes