最後更新：2026年10月1日
腦部結構或功能異常,可能導致嚴重神經症狀。需緊急評估與治療以避免不可逆損傷或死亡。
Feline vestibular disease (peripheral vs central) requires careful cranial nerve examination. Idiopathic vestibular disease is common and self-limiting. Intracranial neoplasia (meningioma is most common and often resectable) should be differentiated from FIP-related meningoencephalitis via MRI and CSF analysis.
Idiopathic epilepsy is the most common seizure disorder in dogs, with breed predisposition (Border Collie, German Shepherd, Beagle). Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is common in chondrodystrophic breeds (Dachshund, French Bulldog). MRI is the gold standard for CNS lesion localization.
建議：0.9% NaCl（避免低張液防腦水腫），維持量
類型：0.9% NaCl
監測頻率：每日記錄
[1]Breed-Specific Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Necrotizing Encephalitis in Dogs.
[2]Peritumoral MRI findings and brain herniations in epileptic dogs with prosencephalic brain tumors: a multicentre retrospective study.
[3]Engineered endoplasmic reticulum-targeting nanodrugs with Piezo1 inhibition and promotion of cell uptake for subarachnoid hemorrhage inflammation repair.
[4]Assessment of cerebrovascular alterations induced by inflammatory response and oxidative-nitrative stress after traumatic intracranial hypertension and a potential mitigation strategy.
[5]2015 ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on Seizure Management in Dogs.
需住院密切監控，若不治療可能發展為危及生命 (requires hospitalization and close monitoring)
飼主衛教
用藥指引
⚠ 警訊症狀（立即回診）
環境調整
長期計畫：癲癇每 6 月抽血追蹤藥物濃度 + 肝功能
嚴格限制
嚴格限制活動 (cage rest / crate rest)，尤其 IVDD 術後
期間：IVDD 術後 6-8 週，癲癇穩定後可漸進恢復
預後取決於根本病因與治療反應。早期診斷與適當治療可改善預後。
Brain Herniation 診斷流程
詳細問診包括發病經過、用藥史、飲食與環境
CBC、生化全套、尿液分析
來源：自動產生