最後更新：2026年10月1日
快速控制活動性出血以避免失血性休克。包括直接加壓、止血帶及手術介入。
Feline emergencies frequently include urethral obstruction (FIC/FLUTD in male cats), ATE, dyspnea (CHF, asthma, pleural effusion), and trauma (high-rise syndrome). Cats are adept at masking pain — subtle changes in behavior may indicate severe distress.
Common canine emergencies include GDV, urethral obstruction, anaphylaxis, heatstroke, and vehicular trauma. Triage using a modified Glasgow Coma Scale (for head trauma) or shock index guides initial stabilization. FAST ultrasound is rapid and non-invasive for detecting free fluid.
這頁有幾個欄位是同系統共用的模板，還沒針對本疾病單獨改寫過。請以臨床判斷為準，記得對照下方文獻。
直接壓迫止血 → Shock dose 輸液 → 評估 PCV/TS 每 30 分鐘 → PCV<25% 考慮輸血 → 找出出血源 → 手術止血（如需）
建議：Shock dose crystalloid 20-30 mL/kg IV bolus（犬），10-15 mL/kg（貓），評估反應後調整
速率：20-30 mL/kg
監測頻率：q2-4h
[1]Volume Resuscitation in the Acutely Hemorrhaging Patient: Historic Use to Current Applications.
[2]Lessons Learned From the Battlefield and Applicability to Veterinary Medicine-Part 1: Hemorrhage Control.
[3]Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta: Review of the Literature and Applications to Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care.
[4]Injectable hydrogels based on mussel-inspired nanocomposite microspheres for non-compressible intra-abdominal hemorrhage control.
[5]A self-hygroscopic, rapidly self-gelling polysaccharide-based sponge with robust wet adhesion for non-compressible hemorrhage control and infected wounds healing.
可在數分鐘至數小時內致死，需立即穩定生命徵象 (life-threatening, requires immediate stabilization)
飼主衛教
用藥指引
⚠ 警訊症狀（立即回診）
環境調整
長期計畫：依根本病因制定長期計畫
限制活動
穩定後漸進恢復活動
期間：依病因
及時止血及輸液復甦預後良好。嚴重內出血需手術。
出血控制 診斷流程
詳細問診包括發病經過、用藥史、飲食與環境
CBC、生化全套、尿液分析
來源：自動產生