最後更新：2026年10月1日
腦實質功能障礙導致的臨床症候群,可由代謝、毒性、缺血或營養缺乏引起。需找出根本病因並給予支持性治療。
Feline vestibular disease (peripheral vs central) requires careful cranial nerve examination. Idiopathic vestibular disease is common and self-limiting. Intracranial neoplasia (meningioma is most common and often resectable) should be differentiated from FIP-related meningoencephalitis via MRI and CSF analysis.
Idiopathic epilepsy is the most common seizure disorder in dogs, with breed predisposition (Border Collie, German Shepherd, Beagle). Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is common in chondrodystrophic breeds (Dachshund, French Bulldog). MRI is the gold standard for CNS lesion localization.
建議：0.9% NaCl（避免低張液防腦水腫），維持量
類型：0.9% NaCl
監測頻率：每日記錄
[1]2015 ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on Seizure Management in Dogs.
病情可能在 24-48 小時內惡化，需盡快評估與處置 (may deteriorate within 24-48h, prompt evaluation needed)
飼主衛教
用藥指引
⚠ 警訊症狀（立即回診）
環境調整
長期計畫：癲癇每 6 月抽血追蹤藥物濃度 + 肝功能
嚴格限制
嚴格限制活動 (cage rest / crate rest)，尤其 IVDD 術後
期間：IVDD 術後 6-8 週，癲癇穩定後可漸進恢復
預後取決於根本病因與治療反應。早期診斷與適當治療可改善預後。
Lead Encephalopathy 診斷流程
詳細問診包括發病經過、用藥史、飲食與環境
CBC、生化全套、尿液分析
來源：自動產生