Metoprolol is a relatively specific beta1-blocker and is sometimes characterized as a second generation beta blocker. At higher dosages, this specificity may be lost and beta2 blockade can occur. Metoprolol does not possess any intrinsic sympathomimetic activity like pindolol nor does it possess membrane-stabilizing activity like pindolol or propranolol. Cardiovascular effects secondary to metoprolol’s negative inotropic and chronotropic actions include: decreased sinus heart rate, slowed AV conduction, diminished cardiac output at rest and during exercise, decreased myocardial oxygen demand, reduced blood pressure, and inhibition of isoproterenol-induced tachycardia.
Although there are no veterinary-approved metronidazole products, the drug has been used extensively in the treatment of Giardia in both dogs and cats. It is also used clinically in small animals for the treatment of other parasites (Trichomonas and _Balantidium coli_ ) as well as treating both enteric and systemic anaerobic infections. In horses, metronidazole has been used clinically for the treatment of anaerobic infections.
劑量數字暫停提供：VetPro 的劑量改依 DRUGAPI 藥物資料庫對外的內容，DRUGAPI 目前不提供可直接計算的劑量。下方列出 DRUGAPI 的審查結論與劑量審查引用的來源；計算機可手動輸入劑量換算。
先確認 metoprolol 活性本體、tartrate 或 succinate 鹽型、即放或緩釋設計及精確產品。 先確認物種、心臟診斷、疾病階段、血流動力學狀態、給藥途徑、併用藥、滴定與監測計畫。 必須由獸醫師依個案與合法處方關係完成判斷；此審查不得產生劑量計算、處方或飼主數值指示。
依出現頻率分組；嚴重副作用獨立列出，臨床上需立即辨識。
renal